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“Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti o d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 20 \u0259n demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259n biri say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin dig\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259sas f\u0259rqi bundayd\u0131. T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259smil\u0259rinin n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259si bel\u0259 yox idi. Pulla kareta tutmu\u015fdular, bu karetalarla Tiflisd\u0259n G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259, G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n Tiflis\u0259 gedirdil\u0259r\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n
Siyasi elml\u0259r \u00fczr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru, tarix\u00e7i-alim Zaur \u018fliyev bel\u0259 deyir. Onun m\u00fcsahib\u0259sini t\u0259qdim edirik.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n – Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00f6n\u0259mind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fanda h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 bu m\u0259qama diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kirl\u0259r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil olmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, \u0130r\u0259van\u0131n erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 verilm\u0259si kimi… Sizc\u0259, bu \u00f6n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rsiz v\u0259 ya bunlardan yan ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fcst\u0259qilliy\u0259 nail olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idimi?<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n – Proses 1912-ci ild\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131, xalqlar \u00c7ar Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan sonra m\u00fcst\u0259qil olacaqlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u0259yirdil\u0259r. Art\u0131q 1912-ci ild\u0259n Rusiya D\u00f6vl\u0259t Dumas\u0131nda t\u0259msil olunan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 deputatlar m\u00fcst\u0259qillik \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131 edirdil\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r Qafqazda v\u0259 ya Az\u0259rbaycanda hans\u0131 v\u0259h\u015filikl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259l at\u0131rlar, bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qillik u\u011frunda m\u00fcbariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u00dcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq g\u00fccl\u0259rin g\u00fcnd\u0259mind\u0259 erm\u0259ni d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si yox idi. Osmanl\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 raz\u0131la\u015fmaya g\u00f6r\u0259, erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 indiki T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 muxtariyy\u0259t verilm\u0259li idi, paytaxt\u0131 da G\u00fcmr\u00fc olacaqd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan h\u0259min d\u00f6vrd\u0259 qurulan Zaqafqaziya Seyminin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 idi. Osmanl\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259b edirdi ki, Batumu ona versinl\u0259r. Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan da raz\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar ki, Batumun Osmanl\u0131ya verilm\u0259sin\u0259 mane olsunlar. Az\u0259rbaycan bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 neytral qald\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnki Osmanl\u0131ya qar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaq ist\u0259mirdi. H\u0259r \u015feyin taleyi Batum konfrans\u0131nda h\u0259ll olundu. H\u0259min konfransda b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 yeni d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131 t\u0259l\u0259bi qoyuldu.<\/p>\n
M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini \u0259n \u00e7ox t\u0259l\u0259b ed\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n biri Almaniya idi. Plan bu idi ki, may\u0131n 26-da C\u0259nubi Qafqazda Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qiliyi elan edil\u0259c\u0259k. Lakin \u0130ran v\u0259 Rusiya erm\u0259ni m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini ortaya atd\u0131, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 d\u0259 geri \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur oldu. \u00c7\u00fcnki erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 paytaxt verm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti d\u0259 \u00f6z \u0259razisind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 paytaxt verm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin h\u00f6kum\u0259tin\u0259 bildirildi ki, siz \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 erm\u0259nil\u0259r\u0259 paytaxt kimi verm\u0259s\u0259niz, c\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin elan olunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131. Ortada h\u0259m Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n, h\u0259m \u0130ran\u0131n, h\u0259m Rusiyan\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin t\u0259zyiql\u0259ri vard\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259li oldu. \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 Erm\u0259nistan d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 yox, Erm\u0259ni Milli Konfederasiyas\u0131na t\u0259qdim etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnki o vaxt Erm\u0259nistan d\u00f6vl\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u0259md\u0259 yox idi. Erm\u0259nil\u0259r “Ararat Respublikas\u0131\u201d qurma\u011f\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu da Erm\u0259ni Milli Konfederasiyas\u0131 \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 formala\u015fmal\u0131 idi. Lakin Az\u0259rbaycan C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olduqdan sonra b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259l\u0259bi il\u0259 Batum konfrans\u0131nda imzalanan m\u00fcqavil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyinin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259d idi.<\/p>\n
C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t h\u00f6kum\u0259ti bilirdi ki, \u0130r\u0259van\u0131 g\u00fcz\u0259\u015ft\u0259 getm\u0259s\u0259, m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi elan etm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacaq. \u00c7\u00fcnki erm\u0259nil\u0259rin arxas\u0131nda duran d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00e7ox g\u00fccl\u00fc idil\u0259r. H\u0259tta \u0130randan t\u0259zyiql\u0259r edilirdi ki, yaranacaq yeni m\u00fcst\u0259qil d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin aras\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n ad\u0131 olmas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
– B\u0259s m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan hans\u0131 adla t\u0259qdim edilirdi?<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n – H\u0259min m\u00fczakir\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan T\u00fcrk Respublikas\u0131ndan s\u00f6hb\u0259ti gedirdi. Lakin n\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259, n\u0259 Rusiya, n\u0259 d\u0259 \u0130ran buna raz\u0131l\u0131q verdi. Q\u0259rara g\u0259lindi ki, Qafqaz Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259ti yarad\u0131ls\u0131n. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qil olmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n respublikalar buna etiraz etdil\u0259r. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tinin elan olunmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si g\u00fcnd\u0259m\u0259 g\u0259ldi. “\u0130stiqlal B\u0259yannam\u0259si\u201d q\u0259bul edikd\u0259n sonra \u2013 1918-ci il may\u0131n 28-d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti d\u00fcnyaya elan olundu.<\/p>\n
Bir fakt\u0131 da deyim ki, o d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n arxas\u0131nda onu d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259y\u0259n q\u00fcvv\u0259 yox idi. B\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin Az\u0259rbaycanda yegan\u0259 mara\u011f\u0131 bu idi ki, Bak\u0131 neftini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irsinl\u0259r. B\u00fct\u00fcn maraqlar bunun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 qurulmu\u015fdu. Almanlar bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n, Rusiya v\u0259 ingilisl\u0259r d\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n Bak\u0131 neftini \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdil\u0259r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran is\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan adl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 ist\u0259mirdi. B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya Ta\u011f\u0131yevin vaxt\u0131ndan \u2013 1905-ci ild\u0259n Bak\u0131da oturmu\u015fdu. Britaniya Bak\u0131 neftini itirm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdi.<\/p>\n
– \u018fg\u0259r onlara Bak\u0131 nefti maraql\u0131 idis\u0259, niy\u0259 Bak\u0131 v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6v Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259l\u0259 ke\u00e7irilm\u0259sini g\u00f6zl\u0259ri yumulu seyr etdil\u0259r?<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n – Rusiya Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 aldatd\u0131. Rusiyan\u0131n m\u0259qs\u0259di bu idi ki, M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiya v\u0259 Hindistan\u0131 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u0259lind\u0259n als\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnki \u015e\u0259rq regionunu Rusiya idar\u0259 etm\u0259k ist\u0259yirdi. Amma Britaniya Hindistan v\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 itirm\u0259k ist\u0259mirdi. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, Britaniya Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 qurban verdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki art\u0131q Hollandiya v\u0259 Britaniyan\u0131n neft \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00f6z paylar\u0131n\u0131 satm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Y\u0259ni, onlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Az\u0259rbaycan \u00f6z \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6y\u00fck d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259rin siyasi x\u0259rit\u0259sind\u0259 Britaniyan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fc ke\u00e7irdi. Britaniya da Hindistan\u0131 itirm\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 Rusiyaya qurban verdi.<\/p>\n
– \u0130\u015f\u011faldan sonra m\u00fchacir h\u00f6kum\u0259t hans\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irirdi, yenid\u0259n m\u00fcst\u0259qil olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn planlar\u0131 vard\u0131m\u0131, buna c\u0259hdl\u0259r olmu\u015fdumu?<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n – M\u00fchacir h\u00f6kum\u0259t Az\u0259rbaycanla \u0259laq\u0259 saxlay\u0131rd\u0131. G\u0259nc\u0259 \u00fcsyan\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259 32-l\u0259r sava\u015f\u0131, T\u0259rt\u0259r, Zaqatala v\u0259 Balak\u0259n \u00fcsyanlar\u0131 m\u00fchacir h\u00f6kum\u0259tin yenid\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycana qay\u0131tmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlanan planlar idi. Onlar ist\u0259mirdil\u0259r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti s\u00fcquta u\u011fras\u0131n. M\u00fchacir h\u00f6kum\u0259t uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t Sovet Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u011fal\u00e7\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fd\u0131. H\u0259tta Amerikada ya\u015fayan az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar ki, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini b\u0259rpa etsinl\u0259r. O fakt\u0131 ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyi Paris S\u00fclh Konfrans\u0131nda de-fakto tan\u0131n\u0131b v\u0259 bu respublikan\u0131n azad olunmas\u0131 vacibdir. Amma art\u0131q el\u0259 bir d\u00f6vr idi ki, d\u00fcnya SSR\u0130-nin qurulmas\u0131 il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131, geri qay\u0131tmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir yol yox idi.<\/span><\/p>\n
M\u00fchacir h\u00f6kum\u0259t \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya M\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 d\u0259 buna c\u0259hdl\u0259r etdi, amma bu da ba\u015f tutmad\u0131. Baxmayaraq ki, Almaniya t\u0259r\u0259fi m\u0259\u011flub olan anda Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u00fcst\u0259qilliyini tan\u0131d\u0131, lakin gec idi. \u00c7\u00fcnki Rusiya art\u0131q AB\u015e-\u0131 da, \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259ni d\u0259, dig\u0259r g\u00fccl\u0259ri d\u0259 raz\u0131 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Dig\u0259r yandan, Britaniya n\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan, n\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, n\u0259 d\u0259 dig\u0259r d\u00f6vl\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sovet Rusiyas\u0131 il\u0259 sava\u015fa girm\u0259k g\u00fcc\u00fcnd\u0259 deyildi, \u0259slind\u0259 is\u0259 maraql\u0131 deyildi. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259, o ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan h\u00f6kum\u0259tinin yenid\u0259n b\u0259rpa olunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyildi.<\/p>\n
Az\u0259rbaycan Xalq C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti o d\u00f6n\u0259md\u0259 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 20 \u0259n demokratik d\u00f6vl\u0259tind\u0259n biri say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin dig\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259sas f\u0259rqi bundayd\u0131. T\u0259s\u0259vv\u00fcr edin ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t r\u0259smil\u0259rinin n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259si bel\u0259 yox idi. Pulla karet tutmu\u015fdular, bu karetl\u0259rl\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259n G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259, G\u0259nc\u0259d\u0259n Tiflis\u0259 gedirdil\u0259r. Y\u0259ni, c\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259tin he\u00e7 n\u0259yi yox idi.<\/p>\n
H\u0259tta Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan birl\u0259\u015fib Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 yar\u0131 yolda qoymu\u015fdular. Az\u0259rbaycan borc \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u0259, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n, Osmanl\u0131ya m\u00fcraci\u0259t etmi\u015fdi. Osmanl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycana 1 milyon v\u0259d etmi\u015fdi, amma o pul da g\u0259lib Az\u0259rbaycana \u00e7atmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
M\u0259nb\u0259: Teleqraf.com<\/b><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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